Shafting for caissons.



c. P. DoWNI-NG SHAFTING PoR cAIssoNS. APPLICATION'PILED AUG.'7, 1908.

932,770. Patented Aug. 31,1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1 @GOO GOGO 39000 GOOG WITNESSES C. PIDOWNING.

SHAFTNG FOB. GAISSONS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7, 1906.

Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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c. P. BOWNING.'

A SHAFTING FOR GAISSONS? APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 7, 1'903.

982,770. Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

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El WE1 @E l i 56 l En@ 291 A 1l Q5/ 1 1 @E l this object in view CHARLES DOWNING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

i SHAFTING- FOR GAISSONS.

l Specification of vLetters Patent Patented Allg. 31, 1909.

Appiicaiion inegi August 7, isos. serial No. 447,349.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ING, a citizen of the United States, and resi,-v dent of New York city, New York and State of New York, haveV invented certain new and useful ImprovementsV in Shafting for Caissons, of whichthe fo-llowing is a specification. i

This invention relates `to improvements in shafting for caissons. Tn the drawings z-Figure 1 is a side elevation of a construction embodying this inven tion, the view being taken from lthe front side. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a construction embodying this invention, the view being taken from the rear side.- l Fig. 3 is an elevation of the shield sections thrown back to show the interior construction.` Fig. 4 is a plan view cf a construction embodying this invention, showing the saine in the concrete block being locked in position. Fig. 5 is a g y 'ing hinged together.

vided with a pivoted rod C, mounted on the inner side of the section to extend vertically when the shield plan view of a construction embodying Vvthis invention, and showing the same in a concrete block and in position to be withdrawn therefrom. Fig. 6 is a detail view ofthe end of one of the locking rods.

The invention has for its principal object to produce a shafting around which the cement is poured and set, and which afterfthe saine'isA set may be easily and quickly col-f lapsed and withdrawn from the pier. With' as at present, but of a slightly diminished diameter. These drums are usually con:l structed in sections of about ten feetin length. At suitable intervalsthey are provided withannular ianges AJ The flanges at the ends are perforated to receive bolts to v This joint is' secureV the drums together. packed to prevent the leakage of air ywhen under pressure. It is into the inside Vof these drums that the compressed air 's introduced.l lianges arethe upright-1` guide bars A2, which fend off the carrying bucket Lwhen the saine is being raisedand lowered. The interior i of these drums .isV

Between the annular the mechanics' To protect the equipped with a ladder for ascending and descending.

men while on the ladder the guard A3, is

formed. 1t is constructed of strap iron of suitable shape and dimensionlarndsecured to' the drums as shown. These guards are held in position by upright bars, preferably angle bars, A4. Each that when several .drums are secured one to the other the ladder iscontinuous.

in the county of the drums A, arevformedL drum A, is thus provided so Surrounding the drums A is a collapsible shield. This is formed in two parts or ,sections B', B2, which are hinged at B3. The hinge is of any suitable construction adapted to the butts of the hinge to exclude any cement `entering the space, and thereby interfering with the operation of the hinge, or admitting t-he cement to the space between the shield form a tightly closed joint about and the drums. The sections are formed to substantially the same length as the drums. They are constructed from heavy sheet or ,plate metal suitable to withstand the compression of the cement. They are suitably reinforced wherethis ICare in this reinforcing is, however, to be exercised not to lill the space between the drums and shield to the extent that the opis deemed advisable.

eration of this invention would become impossible or diicult. y

As stated the sections arejoined by be- Each section is proyC2, pivotally shield isyin place. These rods are provided at the upper end with a suitable shape or construction, whereby the rods may be grasped to be rotated. i The forni shown lis an end squared tosuitawinonkey wrench. At suitable intervals therods are provided with the dogs C?. `These`l are formed to throw inward against the outer skin ofthedrums. The laction is to force the drums andthe shield sections apart. The separation of the drums jand shield is prevented by theV engagement of theliooks B5, and A5.' The hooks are 'shaped substantially as shown andthe hook, B5', is formed on the shields while the hook A5, is formed on the drums, and' they are so formed and placed `thatthey nengage by forcing the shield and drums apart by the dogs U3. :A'lock for the dogs, 'G3 is proiduced as lthe said dogs pass the: central line 'of their movement. This lock is'that which l all constructions of this character have cin passing the direct line' of strain. Any `suitable .dogs onthe locking side is provided. When the hooks are in engagement the end sections device to limit the movement of the BG, B, of. the shield ling the outer surface of the drums to form aclosure against the admission of the cement. To aid in thisv action the end sections are shaped to a slightly smaller diameter, so that they exert afspring` pressure inY being forced into the land the succeeding position they assume when the shield is in Working position.

VThe drums, A, are mounted on the caisson proper or crib which usually-consists in ian I Vinverted box-like structure having at the bottom a Acutting ,edge and-.formed ,with a solid top having an opening for the entrance Who removes the earth or rock from under the caisson.

of the mechanic The first drum is secured directly Iover tlfie opening drums are secured .each onthe others, as the .caisson is sunk, each drum in tnrn being provided with .the airleclrfhead .generally used inY this work. The area covered :by the Acaisson is larger than. the drum. Ahorre the .caisson is built a Acof- Y ferdain .0r crib. Betweenthe .crib and the drum and shield BV-B2 is poured the ce- Inent to form the pier. 'ilhis sets while the excavation is being 1carried on Y.Wit-hin the caisson. When the caisson is finally on bed rock the .solid Ecement pier rests above it to the surface Aof the ground Withthe sections or dcr-ums., A, .and the shields, 13"-132 being held in the cement. The caisson is then filled with cern-ent, which is lowered through the shaft formed by the drums, A. When this cement., isset, the ,air pressure is :taken off and the air-lock at'the .top Aof .the shaft is/remoned, :and .the drums, A, and shields,

B2 are .drawn out ofthe shaft, section by section. 'The shaft is then filled with "cement it. VThe shield Yeo v set. But usualiy I tirst set the Afri, A5., the rods der iahe hooks A5.

Operation 'the `shield may ebe placed around :the drum prior to :the .drums .being Y drum. This is v.done :by y.halting the .succeeding ,drums .to

that AWihfieh has gone before. As .stated .care

S :used: .inthus joining `the drums to .prevent the leakage .of ythe .air under pressure. When the `.is ,set I open the sections B", B2 of the shield aand lenedmpass gthe drum with is .somewhat longer than .the drum, .so .that the lower edge .of :the shield when :placed will override the upper .edge of the shield of the preceding drum. This construetion While preferred essential :to theeperation .of this invention. A. straight joint is practica-l atY :this point.. When the :sections fare 1inV position the end sections B, B5, are drawn .over Vthe hooks C, (32, ,are rotated tov throw the dogs 3 against @the vdrums to force the vSllfield B., .from rthe drum and heelrs B5., un.-`

'lhe .fo-rm is noiv in .position .to receive the nement.. When the ce..-

Inent is set .andthe forms :are .to be with idatawn this is accomplished byretating the reds :.C., G2., `to throw the :dogs fG, away from thezdnuan- 'lfhe belts secu-ring the ,drums Vtogether are removed ,and the drum moved the shield. Y The is laterailfly against new .free to .She Withdrawn. This is done .by

drawing fthe upward .and .out cit .the the .drinn is ith-us :Wathdrawn shaft. When one beneath it.

eby me is not the shield is folded inward on the hinges, B, This. frees the shield from the cement. Should the metal of the shield adhere to the cement, I provide eyelets, which may be engaged by a block and tackle and thus the .sections be drawn together. then raised out of the shaft. The drums and shields are raised in succession from the shaft, each drum being unbolted from the In order that the `shields may not slip oft of the Vdrulns When the same are being lifted into position, I have provided lugs, on the side of the drums over which the dogs throw when in operative position.

Having thus described this claimed i `l. In a :shafting for caissons the combination of sectional drums adapted t0 .be joined to form continuous, tight, tubular construction; :a shield to surround said tubular construction formed to lan inner than .the on-ter diameter of .the vsaid drums and to an outside .diameter equal lto the inside .diameter of the shaft, said shield being adapted .to be collapsed; means yfor maintaining -the .shield and .drum in position to forni a continuous surface-to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitable means for locking the said shield to the said drinn; substantially as set forth.

2. In a shafting for caissons ,the combination `with a `cylinder formed .to an .outside diameter flesslthan the inner diameter of the shaft; a shield to surround .said cylinder formed lto an inner diameter larger than the outside diameter of said cylinder and an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of ,the .shaft adapted .to he collapsed; means for maintaining the shield in .position .to form -a Acontinuous surface to Amold the inner mail nf' the sha-ft; .and suitable means .for locking ithe said :shield to the said cylinder; substantially as set forth..

In a shafting `for .caissons the combination with :a tubular cdnstruction through which .the Iearth kand men may pass, formed to an outer .diameter of less dimension than the iinner diameter yof fthe shaft; .a shield :to

invention, it is surrennd said tubular construotien formed.

te :an inner diameter larger than lthe 1vouter dlallleter of saad tubular construction ,and .of

'aaa oirtside .diameter .equal to Athe inside .dii-

lapsed.; aneans .for manitaining .the shield and tubular censtauction in position ato form a conti-nuons surface .to form the inner ,Wadi of the shaft; and suitable means for locking said shield to the said vtubular construction; substantially .as .set forth.

In .a shatt-ing for caissons :the ycombination :3v-'ith Sectional dlauns adapted )to rbc auneter .of 'the shaft and adapted .to be .colf

lJoined :to :form :a `co. ntinu0us air :tight .tubular construction; .-a shield consisting in a piu.-

rality of sections pinotally .connected .and

diameter larger' formed to an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the drums and an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means for maintaining the shield and drums in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitable means for locking said shield to thesaid drum; substantially as set forth.

5. In a shafting for caissons the combination witha cylinder formed to an outside diameter less than the inner diameter of the shaft; a shield consisting ina plurality of sections pivotally connected and formed to an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder, and an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; and means for maintaining the shield and cylinder in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and

suitable means for locking the said shield to the said cylinder'.

v G. `In a shafting for caissons the combination with a tubular construction through which the earth and men may pass and formed to an outer diameter less -thanthe inner diameter of the shaft; a shield consisting, in a plurality of sections pivotally connected and formed to an inner `diameter larger than the outer diameter of the tubular construction, and an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter ofthe shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means for maintaining the shield and tubular construction infposition to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitable means for locking the said shield tothe said tubular construction; substantially as set forth.

7. In a shafting for caissons the combination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a continuous air tight tubular construction; a shield consisting in two sections `hinged together to form an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter on the drums and an outside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft adapted to be collapsed; means for maintaining the shield and drum iniposition to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall on the shaft; and suitable means for locking the said shield to the said drum.

8. In a shafting for caissons the combination with a cylinder formed to an outside diameter less than the inner diameter of the shaft; a shield consisting in two sections hinged together and formed to an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder and of an outside'` diameter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means for maintaining the shield and cylinder in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitableime'ans for locking said shield in said cylinder; substantially as set forth.

9.1' In a shafting for caissons the combinationwith a tubular construction through lwhich theearth and men may pass and formed to an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the shaft; a shield consisting in two sections hinged together and formed to an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the tubular construction V and an outsideV diameter equal tothe inside diam-eter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means for maintaining the shield and tubular construction in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall so ofthe shaft; and suitable means for locking the said shieldv to the said tubular construction; Lsubstantially as set forth.

10. In a shafting for caissons the combination withV sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a continuous air tight tubular construction; a collapsible shield of larger diameter and substantially equal length withthe said drums and adapted to itiover each of the said drums said shield being of an outside. diameter equal to the diameter of the shaft; means for maintaining the shield and drums in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitable means for locking the` said shields to the said drums; substantially asset forth.

`11. In a shafting for caissons the combination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a continuous air tight tubular construction; shields formed to the shape of the shaft having a circular dimension less than the shaft to leave a gap between the edges of the shield and the gapped edges adapted to rest on the drums; means for maintaining the shield and drum in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and means for locking the said shield to the said drum; substantially as set forth.

12. In a shafting for caissons the combination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a continuous air tight tubular construction; a shield formed to the shape of the shaft and of a circular dimension less than the shaft to leave a gap between the edges, saidV shield being of length substantially equal to the sectional drums; means for maintaining the shield and drums in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft; and suitable means for locking said shield `to the said drum; substantially as set forth.

13. In a shafting for caissons the com-l bination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form continuous air tight tubular construction; a shield consisting 1n a plurality of sectionspivotally mounted and formed to an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the drums and an outside diame- Yposed between said ter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means intershield and drums to maintain the shield in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft, said means being adapted to be withdrawn to allow the shield to be collapsed; and suitable means for locking` the said shield .to the said drum; substantially as set forth.

141. In a shafting for Acaissons the combination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a ,continuous air tight tubular construction; a shield .consisting in a plurality of sections pivotally kconnected and formed to an inner vdiameter greater than .the outer diameter of the dr,ums,`and an outside diameter ,equal to theV inside `diameter of the shaft and Vadapted to be collapsed; pivotally mounted projections adapted to be -rotated toY interpose between said shield and drum to maintain the shield and drum in position to form a continuous surface to mold the inner wall .of the shaft; and suitable means for Vlocking the said shield to the said .drum-g substantially as set forth.

15. In a shafting for caissons the coin.- bination with sectional drums adapted to be joined to form a .continuous air tight tubular construction; ashield consisting in a plurality of sections pivotally connected and formed`to an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the drum and an outer diameter equal to the inside ydiameter .of the shaft and adapted ,to be collapsed; a rod Vertically mounted between the said shield and drinn having a series of projections adapted to force the shield and drum apart when rotated into one position and to permit the shield and drum to be approached when rotated in the reverse direction; and suitable means for locking the said shaft to the said drum l; substantially as set forth.

16. In a shafting for caissons the coinbination with sectional joined to form a continuous air tight tubular construction; a shield consisting in a pluralityof sections pivotally connected and formed to an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the drum and an outside dialneter equal to the inside diameter of the shaft and adapted to be collapsed; means interposed between said shield and drum to 1n aintain the shield in position to forni a continuous surface to mold the inner wall of the shaft, said means being adapted to be withdrawn to allow the shield to be collapsed; and hook-shaped projections, one set on the drum and the other set yon the shield so arranged and constructed as to engage when the shield and drum are forced away from each other; substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York city in the county of N ew York and State yof New York this 29th day of July A. D. 1908.

CHARLES P. DOWNING.

Witnesses A FRANK M. ASHLEY, E. F. MURDooK.

drums adapted to be 

